Enabling Smart Air Conditioning by Sensor Development: A Review
نویسندگان
چکیده
The study investigates the development of sensors, in particular the use of thermo-fluidic sensors and occupancy detectors, to achieve smart operation of air conditioning systems. Smart operation refers to the operation of air conditioners by the reinforcement of interaction to achieve both thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Sensors related to thermal comfort include those of temperature, humidity, and pressure and wind velocity anemometers. Improvements in their performance in the past years have been studied by a literature survey. Traditional occupancy detection using passive infra-red (PIR) sensors and novel methodologies using smartphones and wearable sensors are both discussed. Referring to the case studies summarized in this study, air conditioning energy savings are evaluated quantitatively. Results show that energy savings of air conditioners before 2000 was 11%, and 30% after 2000 by the integration of thermo-fluidic sensors and occupancy detectors. By utilizing wearable sensing to detect the human motions, metabolic rates and related information, the energy savings can reach up to 46.3% and keep the minimum change of predicted mean vote (∆PMV→0), which means there is no compromise in thermal comfort. This enables smart air conditioning to compensate for the large variations from person to person in terms of physiological and psychological satisfaction, and find an optimal temperature for everyone in a given space. However, this tendency should be evidenced by more experimental results in the future.
منابع مشابه
Smart Sensors Enable Smart Air Conditioning Control
In this study, mobile phones, wearable devices, temperature and human motion detectors are integrated as smart sensors for enabling smart air conditioning control. Smart sensors obtain feedback, especially occupants' information, from mobile phones and wearable devices placed on human body. The information can be used to adjust air conditioners in advance according to humans' intentions, in so-...
متن کاملBridge - Output - to - Frequency Converter for Smart Thermal Air - Flow Sensors
AbsfructA fully integrated bridge-output-to-frequency converter has been realized as signal-conditioning circuitry for a onechip smart thermal maskflow sensor. The frequency converter reads out four separate mistor bridges of the air-flow sensor in order to realize high sensitivity and direftional flow measurement over the fd angle range of 360". The converter selects the sensor bridges individ...
متن کاملEnergy Management for Intelligent Buildings
The increasing availability and affordability of wireless building and home automation networks has increased interest in residential and commercial building energy management. This interest has been coupled with an increased awareness of the environmental impact of energy generation and usage. Residential appliances and equipment account for 30% of all energy consumption in OECD countries and ...
متن کاملOccupancy Estimation in Smart Buildings Using IOT-Based Techniques
Nowadays, the research and innovation of smart buildings has been gaining increasingly attentions in building construction and management society. Among a variety of emerging technologies, demand driven HVAC (i.e., heating, ventilation and air conditioning) operation is promising to significantly reduce the building operation cost, and ultimately to achieve sustainable smart buildings. The “Int...
متن کاملDesign and Development of a Nearable Wireless System to Control Indoor Air Quality and Indoor Lighting Quality
The article describes the results of the project "open source smart lamp" aimed at designing and developing a smart object able to manage and control the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of the built environment. A first version of this smart object, built following a do-it-yourself (DIY) approach using a microcontroller, an integrated temperature and relative humidity sensor, and techniques ...
متن کامل